“A Study on the Relationship between Overpopulation and Depletion of Natural Resources that Affects the Economic Status of the Philippines” Essay

In the year 1990, thither were approximately 60.70 meg mass living in the Philippines. existence contracting from 1990 to 2000 by approximately 15.81 million mess. In 2012, the Philippines total stretch powerfulnesses 103.78 million comp atomic rate 18d to the 2000 state of 81.16 million. The size of the clement universe is changing at an extremely elevated localise in the decease eld which makes the state the 12th or so all over obliterateulated country in the undivided being. According to U.S. Agency for International increment (2000), it is foreseen that in the year 2030, the military man harvesting im bump be unstoppable and go away be doubled. creation matters in countrys miserliness. The quick nation growth is revealed to postulate both affirmative and undesirable jolt on economy and financial system of a country depending on how it is utilized. An over inhabit country is tell to produce great bet in legal injury of hu valet re ascendents.Ville gas (2010) stated that large community is both a extraction of manpower and as a base for a domestic fargonstuff on which the economic growth of a country cigarette be saveed, despite periodic ups and downs in the spherical market. It as well as oral sexs positive reach on economies of scale and specialization, the possible spur to favorable motivation ca apply by ontogeny dependency. However, overuniverse and rapid community growth hinders economic development. Theoretical abstract contends that high creation growth works pressures on trammel native resources. If population grows at 2% a year, supplies of housing, regimen and a nonher(prenominal) goods must increase that much save to maintain the current standard of living. pee Resources wet is a basic economic resource which is a pictorial endowment to man. Nowadays, it is congruous a scarce resource with the ever-growing drive for house plunk for and industrial consumption. As an economic resource, prici ng of body of pissing system is largely matchd by the address of extraction from its natural water add source and the cost of distribution. pee is correspondingwise a basic need for the survival of jet sol transgressrs and family households. galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) another(prenominal) health and morbidity line of works atomic list 18 associated with the quality and availability of water for human consumption. With the ever increasing population, the demand for potable water in urban reachs has to a fault increased, part the water sources began to decline over time. Water taint is a major reason for the decreased availability of and access to straight potable water.This was the observation make by Philippine Institute for victimisation Studies (PIDS) Senior inquiry Fellow Dr. Danilo Israel whose review imputes poor management of bracing water water resources, particularly in the ara of water pollution. He says that while fresh water is abund ant in the country, estimates show that save 39 percentage of categorise in set down surface water bodies are potential water sources for domestic use. Based on further estimates, he also said that only 1,907 cubic meters (the second lowest among southeasterly Asian countries) of freshwater are lendable to both Filipino annu each(prenominal)y.This predicament, according to Israel, is further exacerbated by water pollution. Access to clean and equal to(predicate) water remains an intense seasonal problem in urban and glidingal areas in the Philippines. The subject field Capital Region (Metro Manila), Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, and Central Visayas are the 4 urban critical divisions in terms of water quality and quantity. If this rationalize continues, more(prenominal) Filipinos will not admit exuberant access to safe-drinking water especi entirely in ally since demand for clean water eternally increases with population growth. As a consequence, the country may not attain the Millennium culture Goal that at least 86.6 percent of the population should have adequate access to potable water by 2015. Cleanfreshwater is a vital natural resource and without its ample supply, the lives and health of batch could be put to risk.Specifically, thither is a positive race between water pollution and water-borne diseases. The humankind Bank, for instance, has estimated that exposure to water pollution and poor sanitation accounts for cardinal-sixth of inform disease cases, and nearly 6,000 premature deaths per year. Additionally, just over a deuce-ace or 36 percent of the countrys river systems are classified as sources of public water supply. Up to 58 percent of groundwater sampled is contaminate with coli form and needs treatment. Land ResourcesLand resources refer to a delineable area of the earths terrestrial surface, encompassing all attributes of the biosphere immediately higher up or below this surface, including those of the near-surfa ce, climate, the soil and terrain forms, the surface hydrology (including shallow lakes, rivers, marshes and swamps), the near-surface sedimentary layers and associated groundwater and geohydrological reserve, the launch and animal populations, the human settlement pattern and physical results of past and impersonate human activity (terracing, water storage or drainage structures, roads, buildings, etc.) (FAO/UNEP, 1997). tillable areaed estate (suitable for growing crops) spoils just deuce-ace percent of the balls surface. Based on historical data arable land decreases by 25 million acres annually it is estimated that one hectare (one hectare equals 2.47 acres) of productive land is befuddled every 7.67 seconds.The greatest causes of lost productive land are desertification and urbanization. New deserts are growing at a rate of 51,800 substantive kilometers per year. As the dwindling forest cover, logically increases rainfall run attain, which favors the floods, soil erosion and reduces the amount that seeps into the ground to recharge aquifers. Wetlands often disappear in bits and pieces as developers fill in small ponds or parts of swamps and deltas.The cumulative effect, however, can be devastating for ill-advisedlife and the great unwashed. In any(prenominal) states, more than 90 percent of wetlands have vanished. Wetlands not only support wildlife but also filter the drinking supply humans rely on. Half of the major planets plant and animal species live in rainforests. Less than 2.5 zillion acres of tropical forest remain from the four billion acres on Earth just a few hundred years ago. That translates to a huge loss of habitat, and the likely extinction of untold species. roughly of the disforestation has occurred in the last few decades. There are many causes of habitat destruction, including logging, mining, oil drilling, and exploiting other natural resources clearing land for culture and cattle ranches development for residential areas and roads for people to do all these activities. If the present rate of destruction continues, todays forests will be gone by the year 2081.The total land area of the Philippines is more or less 30 million hectares, half of which is classified as forestlands, 47% as alienable and disposable lands, and the remaining 3% as unclassified forestlands. put down has seriously depleted forest cover since the early 20th century. And in that location are more problems arising from the reduction of forest cover, as they will speed access to forest roads to pick up lumber, etc., They arrive desiccated and more susceptible to fires, which further reduces more wooded area and this, in override, makes less rainwater to seep into the ground.Agricultural ResourcesAs human population expands, the damaging effects on the environs multiply. Fast depletion of natural resources is just one of the effects of overpopulation. In our relentless effort to quench our neer ending needs, we have destroyed the habitat of so many botany and fauna that this planet had nurtured to near perfection, through billions of years of evolution. The central have a go at it for us over the next few decades is not climate transplant or the world(a) financial crisis it is whether humanity can achieve and sustain the enormous harvest we need from this planet to feed ourselves.The earth is only capable of sustaining a certain amount of life. As the population continues to rise, the supply of food will continue to dwindle. We can only produce a fixed amount of food with the resources we have. The rising number of humans also necessitates further land for them to use as habitation. Therefore, the more land used for us to live on, the fewer land is obtainable for farming. It is a barbaric circle which has no end if the population growth is not curbed. The food consumed by human is influenced by wide range of cultural and man-to-man differences, mainly due to ecological as well as in the flesh(predicate) reasons.The source of much of the food consumed by man is terrestrial outlandish, which represents the al just almost manipulated of all the non-urban ecosystems. There are two main types of agriculture (1) cut down agriculture in which plant production is harvested for use by man and (2) Animal unsophisticated where a crop from highly manipulated ecosystem is fed to domesticated animals. nutriment consumption pattern is different in different regions. The most important feature is that rice to the fix food for most Asians. In general a strong and healthy human consumes about 1.4 kg of food every day. Such a food serves as a source of energy and re go forthment of uses. Statement of the ProblemThe write up pore on the family relation move between overpopulation and depletion of natural resources that affects the economic status of the Philippines. Specifically, the ingest sought to answer the following gestures 1. How does overpopulation affects our na tural resources such(prenominal) as a. Waterb. Land andc. Agriculture2. How the environmental impacts due to overpopulation do affects the economy of the Philippines? Objectives of the suck away The study intended to investigate and to improve the understanding on the relationship between overpopulation and depletion of natural resources that affects the economic status of the Philippines. more specifically, the objectives are 1. To measure out the effects of overpopulation on natural resources such as water, land and agriculture. 2. To determine the effects of depletion of natural resources due to overpopulation on economy of the Philippines.Significance of the mullThe basic definition of economics is choice under scarcity. Economists like to study how scarcity of resources and the differences in the distribution of these resources affect decisions made by the people. This idea can be applied and is significant to a single person, a family or a country. indwelling resources are not only in the Philippines, but also in the whole wide world are check and scarce. Water, for example, a lot of people need it but on that point is a limited amount of it, and so they see a market develop for it. In addition there are things like land and labor. If people could all have whatever they wanted, there would be no need to ration or trade, and therefore, there will be no economics.Another, the management of natural resources is one of the most critical challenges facing the growth countries of today. The exploitation of high- apprize natural resources, including oil, gas, minerals and timber has often been cited as a discern factor in triggering, escalating or sustaining violent passage of armss around the globe. Furthermore, increasing contention and conflict for diminishing renewable resources, such as land and water, is on the rise. This is being further aggravated by environmental degradation, population growth and climate change.The mismanagement of natu ral resources is contributing to new conflicts and obstructing the peaceful proclamation of existing ones. This study is substantial to all the sectors of the economy, may it be the government, the private firms or the commoners and the residents of every country. This will give them the proper knowledge about how population affects the limited natural resources. Aside from being an informed citizen, this study aims and is significant to make a difference. This search is a qualitative research and not an action. There will be no particular question to be asked and no certain acts to do. except due to this paper, the readers will conjecture and give ideas within themselves on how to preserve the natural resources and not downfall it. This is important to give standing to the issues concerning different aspects of the economy. Definition of TermsEconomics A social science that studies how individuals, governments, firms and nations make choices on allocating scarce resources to satiate their unlimited wants Macroeconomics concent pass judgment on the behavior of the aggregate economy Microeconomics focuses on individual consumers.Overpopulation is a term that refers to a condition by which the population tightfistedness enlarges to a limit that provokes the environmental deterioration, a remarkable decline in the quality of life, or a population collapse. people density denotes the number of inhabitants dwelling in a specific area, for example 100 inhabitants per square Kilometer. pictorial resources is resources occurring in nature that can be used to induce wealth.Gross Domestic Product (gross domestic product) is the total market apprize of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given year, equal to total consumer, investment and government spending, plus the value of exportings, deduction the value of imports. Gross National Product (GNP) is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a pa rticular year, plus income earned by its citizens (including income of those located abroad), minus income of non-residents located in that country. Desertification is the conversion of grassland or an already arid land into a desert through indiscriminate human actions magnified by droughts. Resources depletion an economic term referring to the exhaustion of raw materials within a regionChapter IITHEORETICAL FRAMEWORKThis chapter provides a framework for understanding the relationship between overpopulation and the natural resources. go for 1.1 The Variable and its Relationship Economics deals with the economic allocation of limited resources to satisfy the unlimited consumption of the citizens. Governments intervene on balancing scarce resources through mechanisms such us monetary value circumscribe system. They can facilitate economic activity in certain geographical regions.There is a organise relationship between population and resources. Figure 1.1 shows different variab les in the study, population as the independent and natural resources such as land, agriculture and water as dependent variable. This study will provide fitting knowledge on the effects of great population in the Philippines to the limited and scarce resources that the country is facing. Moreover, it will suggest some solutions on how it will be efficiently allocated to the citizens of the country. Philippines, as one of the developing countries, contributes on the worldly economic activities, thus, do its own economy create a great impact on the economy of the world.Chapter IIIrelated STUDIESThe Philippines is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea, on the to the south by the Sulu and Celebes seas, on the west by the South China Sea, and on the northeastward by Luzon Strait. The Philippine Islands lie off the southeastern coast of the Asian mainland, across the South China Sea from Vietnam and China. The shortest distance to the mainland, from the Federal Philippines to Hon g Kong, is about 805 km (500 mi). The Philippine Islands extend about 1,850 km (1,150 mi) from north to south (between Taiwan and Borneo Island) and about 1,100 km (700 mi) from east to west.Malaysia and Indonesia, which each hold territory on Borneo, are the republics closest policy-making neighbors. The Philippines covers a total area, not including its drawn-out coastal waters, of 300,000 sq km (116,000 sq mi). More than 7,100 islands and islets are included in the Philippine archipelago. The 11 largest islands make up more than 90 percent of the total area. Only about 460 islands are larger than 2.6 sq km (1 sq mi), and about 1,000 are populated.The Philippines has extensive mineral deposits of copper, gold, silver, nickel, lead, and chromium. new(prenominal) important, but less plentiful, deposits of zinc, cobalt, and manganese also exist. Copper has been mined extensively and is the leading mineral product, but many of the countrys mineral resources remain unexploited. The Philippines has limited offshore petroleum and natural gas reserves. more or less 19 percent of the Philippines is forested. Logging has seriously depleted forest cover since the early 20th century. The Philippine waters are abundant with many varieties of fish, which are an important natural resource as a staple of the Philippine diet and an export commodity. Johnson (2012) stated that one thing all humans on this planet need to survive is resources. Resources like food and water are bare prerequisites for life. The countries that are experiencing the highest growth evaluate are all developing countries, with the exception of the joined States.This countries deficiency the technology that other developed countries have and therefore things we consider basic they have never used. We watch our televisions everyday while they may have never seen a TV before. They also want the basics that we take for granted like indoor plumbing. Some countries water supply is the same as their s ewage. India has one of the fastest growing populations in the world and the Ganges River shows their drop of resources available to the people of India. The Ganges is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. It supports over 400 million people with a population density of 1,000 people per square mile. India is an example of developing country that has a rise in its population growth rate.It cannot support its population now many of the people in India are forced to bathe in the Ganges because they have no access to any other water source. If this population continues to grow the river will continue to get more and more polluted making it unsafe for the millions of people that rely on it. This is not the only mail in the world that the larger populations are supported by limited resources.Along with the people in India relying on the Ganges over three fifths of people in developing countries lack basic sanitation, one tertiary have no access to clean water, and a quarter lac k adequate housing. More often than not the places where the population growth rates are the highest are the places least able to support the rise in population. Only the United States can continue to support one of the worlds largest populations because we are a developed country and the increase comes more often than not from immigration.These countries that continue to grow, despite being limited in resources, are the biggest areas of deforestation and depletion of natural resources. These areas lack strong government and are unable to utilize the depletion of resources. The United Nations predict that currently 1 billion people lack the basic needs that we take for granted every day. With a lack of technology developing countries will continue to destroy resources at an solemn rate while many struggle to survive every day. freshwater is the most fundamental of finite resources. It has no substitutes for most uses and is expensive to transport. But freshwater sources are dwin dling or becoming contaminated end-to-end the world.Chronic or acute water shortage is increasingly common in many countries with fast-growing populations, becoming a potential source of conflict. However, existing technologies offer great potential for improving on the qualification of its use. Based from the study of Walden Bello, the state of the economy, even some of the administrations friends have pointed out, is a thin reed on which to rest. In a recent article, Peter Wallace, an influential consultant, deconstructed the 7.3 per cent growth rate preserve for the Philippines in 2007, showing that the figure is real a statistical good luck that stems from the way the measure Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is computed.The figure actually masks something negative the fall of imports by 5.4 per cent. So because we had less imports, GDP looked good, Wallace says. From where I sit, that does not indicate a strong, growing economy, the best in 31 years. With no less irony, the ma crocosm Bank agreesRemarkably, weaker import growth made the largest 1arithmetical contribution to the growth acceleration in 2000-07 compared to 1990-99. It added that this was not consistent with carry on fast growth in the longer term.The reality, Wallace points out, is indicated by the same barbaric numbers more poor people in 2007 than in 2000, more people without jobs, a real decline in average family income, the shrinking of the middle class as more people jump ship and swim to other shores. Notwithstanding higher growth, the World Bank chimes in, the in style(p) official penury estimates show that between 2003 and 2006, when GDP growth averaged 5.4 per cent, poverty incidence increased from 30.0 to 32.9 per cent. This level of poverty incidence is almost as high as it was in 2000 (33 per cent). Indeed the magnitude of poor Filipinos locomote to its highest level in 2006 of a population of 84 million in 2006, 27.6 million Filipinos fell below the national poverty thresh old of P15, 057. If you pop the famous Ronald Reagan question to most FilipinosDo you feel better off now than four years agothere is no surmise about how they would answer. For many people, the main problem confronting the economy is spelled G-MA.But for those who have spent time studying the Philippine economy, Arroyo is not the problem, but part of a bigger problem that extends far into the recent past. The collective righteousness of the last five administrations for our economic malfunctioning becomes stark when viewed in a comparative context. According to the latest Human Development Report of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), with the growth in GDP per capita averaging 1.6 per cent per annum in the period 1990 to 2005, the Philippines economic growth record was the worst in Southeast Asia, with even all the so-called lower-tier ASEAN countries significantly to outstripping it. Chapter IVRESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe worlds population reached over 6.60 billion in J uly 2007 and will reach 6.68 billion by July this year and 7.00 billion by July 2012 (according to CIA estimates). Countries with large populations and few food resources or poor food distribution programs could end up becoming desperate refugees moving to their neighboring countries. One out of every seven people alive, go to bed hungry. Every day, 25,000 people die because of malnutrition and hunger-related diseases. Almost 18,000 of them are children under 5 yearsold.Figure 4.1 Population in the PhilippinesThe figure above shows the increasing population of the Philippines. From approximately 80 million, the population increases up to 100 million. As population increases, natural resources also get used up faster than they can be replaced. This can result on economic pressure and interrelated web of global environmental problems such as resources depletion. Problem no. 1 How does overpopulation affects our natural resources such as water, land and agriculture. Population and Wate r ResourcesPopulation influences the freshwater resources, its quality and supply, in both rural and urban areas through demands for water and human activities such as irrigation. One major consequence of overpopulation has been the dandy usage of freshwater, thus leading to a major freshwater crisis that will definitely affect the future of our planet. It is also domineering to see the whole issue in perspective and how the increasing number of people in the surface of the Earth is relative to the amount of waste being produced. Hence, the constant pollution of the environment, along with bodies of water has exponentially decreased the quantity of operational water for the future of our generations. This has critically been an issue because the oceans are mistaken for available water, but in actuality, the Earth has a finite supply of fresh water which in order to be converted from saline water to potable water, the amount of energy needed is prohibited.Thus water has become quit e a s take commodity that few countries and civilizations seem to take into consideration. The National Water Resources Board under the Department of Environment and congenital Resources in Philippines is responsible for ensuring the optimum exploitation, utilization, development, conservation and protection of the countrys water resource, consistent with the principles of Integrated Water Resource Management.The country is invest with rich natural resources including water which are essential for the countrys economic development and in meeting its Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Water resources of the Philippines include inland freshwater (rivers, lakes, and groundwater), and marine (bay, coastal, and oceanic waters). Overall, there is sufficient water but not enough in highly populated areas, especially during dry season.Citing the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB), Israel explains that the number of monitored freshwater bodies which failed the standard in terms of D issolved oxygen (DO) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) has been increasing significantly at average annual rates of 22.90 percent and 22.30 percent, respectively, from 2000 to 2007. Likewise, he explains that many freshwater bodies, especially those in urban areas, have been contaminated with suspended solids, heavy metals and other harmful chemicals.Population and Land ResourcesAccording to Higgins (1982), carrying capacity presumes that there are critical levels of population that any given land area can support. This level is contumacious by soil and climatic conditions. The carrying capacity and population has a direct relationship. When population increases in a given area, the increased demand on production can induce stress and consequent degradation of the land resource. As population grows continuously, the space in a given place remains constant, thus, making it limited.Land resources can also be limited because of land problems and imbalance. In the past 100 years the world has lost almost half its forest area. And, as indicated by reports of the FAO (Food and Agriculture) the Earth is losing on net every year 11.2 million hectares of virgin forest. This is reportedly the World Wildlife Fund, mainly due to its use as an energy source (about 2000 million people worldwide depend on wood as fuel) of agricultural and livestock expansion and mining and logging companies activities, often beyond control. Population and AgricultureSome theories propose that population growth would outrun the ability to produce food, thus, leading this to famine, disease, and other disasters. The use of land, specifically in agriculture, is an essential part of humanity. We depend on agriculture to supply us with food, quality and biofuels. Without a highly efficient, progressive, and productive agricultural system, our society would collapse and allow to function.As the population grows and grows continuously, we are demanding more and more from the agricultural syste ms, push them to their limits. At this rate, we would have to double, or triple the agricultural production in our economy. The rapid increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization has also adversely abnormal the quality of water, especially in densely populated areas and regions of industrial and agricultural activities. The discharge of domestic and industrial wastewater and agricultural runoff has caused extensive pollution of the receiving water-bodies. Problem no.2 How the environmental impacts due to overpopulation do affects the economy of the Philippines? As the population grows, it pushes the GDP per capita of a nation down. season the government tries to meet the needs of its people, with increase in population, the demand for resources keeps growing. With not enough food to take care of its men, such countries cant even think of producing surplus to export and with this starts the vicious cycle of relying on foreign debt. With more people and less resource s, there is unemployment that leads to poverty and increased crime rate.Shrinking habitat is giving rise to increased conflict between man and animals. As the borders between forests and human settlements gets blurred by the day, human beings are being exposed to viruses that are carried by wild animals who have the immunity that we lack. This is precipitating in newer and more virulent strains of microorganisms do serious diseases in human beings.CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONThe human population has been increasing at an extremely high rate in the last century and unfortunately, not much has been done to slow down this process. Undoubtedly, overpopulation is a global issue. It is global because it pertains to all of humanity, but global also heart and soul that it affects the whole world, i.e. the environment. Almost all human activities impact negatively the environment in one form or another, and as human population expands, the damaging effects on the environment multiply. As the population grows, it pushes the GDP per capita of a nation down.While the government tries to meet the needs of its people, with increase in population, the demand for resources keeps growing. With not enough food to take care of its men, such countries cant even think of producing surplus to export and with this starts the vicious cycle of relying on foreign debt. This puts the country in debt at stretches the governments already meager resources. Furthermore, when a country is overpopulated, there is a high rate of unemployment because there just arent enough jobs to support the population. This results in a high level of crime because the people will need to steal things in order to survive.As natural resources become scarce, the production is bound to decrease. However, in a crowded society, demand remains strong. This causes the prices of goods increase, in order to balance supply and demand. However, a price change cannot suddenly reduce the need for a large population of. Therefore, prices remain high and continue to grow even as people consume expensive products. The depletion of natural resources is one of the most critical problems of the global community is facing, especially after the sharp increase in world population over the last century. Each person has a number of vital (food, drink, clothing) and non-life (education, employment, recreation) needs, which all require the consumption of Earths resources.When the number of people applying to these needs becomes extremely high, the shortage becomes a critical problem in extreme cases can cause a Malthusian misfortune According to the theory of overpopulation advanced by Enlightenment demographer doubting Thomas Robert Malthus, Malthusian catastrophe is an event which results from a period of unchecked population growth. Many determining factors build the success or demise of a country. Our forefathers have created that successful nation with blood and sweat, through trials and tribulations. I t is up to this generation to ensure the advantageous outlook of this country for our future offspring. This population encumbrance casts an impending downfall for our country and must be stopped. Research and analytic thinking need to be performed, consequently summarizing the most favorable actions to be taken.These actions and so need to be embraced by state and federal governments, who in turn need to be aggressive in enacting firm and dynamic policies to muff this crisis. Food shortage will be prevented or lessened if we speedily stabilize population and find some as-yet-discovered agricultural advancement. Overpopulation causes rural farming people to outgrow their lands, so the grown children move to cities. Urbanization grub up farmland, reducing crop production. Also growing seasons are becoming hotter, so many crops fail due to heat and drought. Overuse of the soils caused by overpopulation leads poor nourishment for crops and eventually desertification. 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